Wind in the Willows an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

Wind in the Willows The Wind in the Willows (Grahame, 1908) is an exemplary childrens tale around four anthropomorphised (adapted) creatures and their associations with one another and society. It is loaded with acceptable exchange and silliness. The fundamental characters are genial Mole, friendly and common Rat, the savvy Mr. Badger and Toad; rich, ruined, over the top and proud. Need article test on Wind in the Willows point? We will compose a custom article test explicitly for you Continue Our Customers Very Often Tell EssayLab support: I'm not in the disposition to compose my article. Since I need to invest energy with my family Exposition author experts prompt: Paper Writing Service Buy College Papers Online Academic Paper Writing Services Write My Essay For Me Cheap Set in provincial England, the changing of the seasons and the characteristic hostilities among creature bunches show the force normal laws. Made equivalent, creatures have additionally to discover and sustain their connections and conditions. There are numerous models given of the positive laws applied. The story shows that when an offense is submitted, there is a comparing discipline. At the point when Toad, fixated on engine vehicles, wound up with crashes, injury to himself and grumblings to his overspeeding, his companions coercively take him under their influence to improve his virtues. Nonetheless, he flees, takes a motorcar ws got and detained. Frog discovers that inside the legitimate framework, defilement existed in light of the fact that he was offered by the jail monitor extravagances and the opportunity to escape in return for an expense. Components of the law were likewise introduced as proficient yet somewhat delayed to activity. Police authorities that sought after Toad after he got away from jail utilized a train (which can't overwhelm another train) to seek after the train that he was riding. In another scene where Toad got away from the vehicle which he drove and slammed, the cops pursuing him didn't get him as he, luckily, lost control by the waterway ebb and flow. In any event, when Toad was living in his old neighborhood, no argument was documented against him dependent on his fresher adventures. Be that as it may, Toad couldn't abstain from repaying those he wronged on the grounds that his companions Mr. Badger, Rat and Mole ensured that he presented appropriate reparations to those he tricked during his break from jail. Amphibian is absolutely untrustworthy and inhumane of the outcomes of his activities. He resembles a ruined kid who has never been restrained for his shrewdness. Prideful, he believes that everybody acknowledges him and by this, he additionally shows that he is unmistakably needing consideration and comprehension. Mr. Badger acts like a liberal dad who endures Toad yet just in a specific way after which, he forces authorizes on Toad. Mole and Rat are the best of companions, indicating worry for each other. Frogs companions set up with him since he has a naturally amiable attitude aside from when he is surpassed by his fixations and wants. Before the story closes, Toad improves with the assistance of his old buddies. The story shows the youngster to cherish nature and creatures. A kid perusing this story would discover numerous exercises; among the best would be tied in with supporting kinships, dealing with those you love, being steadfast and having the fearlessness to make the wisest decision for your companions. References Grahame, K. (1908). Wind in the Willows (first Edition.). London, United Kingdom: Methuen.

The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner Chapters 9

â€Å"Trust me, we realize the troubles superior to you. It is amazing that you've figured out how to keep off the radar, as it were, for this long. Tel me† †a trace of intrigue shaded the monotone †â€Å"how are you doing it?† Our maker faltered, and afterward talked al in a surge. As though there had been some quiet terrorizing. â€Å"I haven't made the decision,† she let out. At that point she included all the more gradually, unwil ingly, â€Å"To assault. I've never chosen to do anything with them.† â€Å"Rough, however effective,† the shrouded young lady said. â€Å"Unfortunately, your time of thought has found some conclusion. You should choose †presently †what you wil do with your little army.† Both Diego's and my eyes extended at that word. â€Å"Otherwise, it wil be our obligation to rebuff you as the law requests. This respite, anyway short, inconveniences me. It isn't our direction. I propose you give us what confirmations you can†¦ quickly.† â€Å"We'l go at once!† Riley chipped in tensely, and there was a sharp murmur. â€Å"We'l go when possible,† our maker corrected angrily. â€Å"There is a lot to do. I accept you wish us to succeed? At that point I should make some little memories to get them prepared †trained †fed!† There was a brief delay. â€Å"Five days. We wil seek you at that point. What's more, there is no stone you can stow away under or speed at which you can escape that wil spare you. In the event that you have not made your assault when we come, you wil burn.† This was said with no hazard other than an outright assurance. â€Å"And on the off chance that I have made my attack?† our maker asked, shaken. â€Å"We'l see,† the shrouded young lady replied in a more brilliant tone than she'd utilized at this point. â€Å"I assume that al relies upon how fruitful you are. Strive to please us.† The last order was given in a level, hard pitch that caused me to feel an unusual chil in the focal point of my body. â€Å"Yes,† our maker growled. â€Å"Yes,† Riley reverberated softly. After a second the shrouded vampires were quietly leaving the house. Neither Diego nor I to such an extent as calmly inhaled for five minutes after they'd vanished. Inside the house, our maker and Riley were similarly as calm. An additional ten minutes went altogether stil ness. I contacted Diego's arm. This was our opportunity to leave. Right now, I wasn't so terrified of Riley any longer. I needed to get as distant as I could from those dull shrouds. I needed the wellbeing of numbers holding up back in the log lodge, and I figured that was actually how our maker felt, as well. For what reason she'd made such huge numbers of us in any case. There were a few things out there more unnerving than I'd envisioned. Diego wavered, stil tuning in, and after a second his understanding was remunerated. â€Å"Wel ,† she murmured inside the house, â€Å"now they know.† Is it accurate to say that she was discussing the shrouds or the secretive tribe? Which one was the adversary she'd referenced before the dramatization? â€Å"That doesn't make a difference. We dwarf †â€Å" â€Å"Any cautioning matters!† she snarled, cutting him off. â€Å"There is such a great amount to do. Just five days!† She moaned. â€Å"No all the more playing. You start tonight.† â€Å"I won't fizzle you!† Riley guaranteed. Poo. Diego and I moved simultaneously, jumping from our roost into the following tree over, flying back the manner in which we'd come. Riley was in a rush now, and on the off chance that he discovered Diego's path after al that had quite recently gone with the shrouds, and no Diego there toward the finish of it†¦ €Å"i must get back and be waiting,† Diego murmured to me as we hustled. â€Å"Lucky it's not taking into account the house! Try not to need him to know I heard.† â€Å"We should converse with him together.† â€Å"Too late for that. He'd notice that your aroma wasn't on the path. Looks suspicious.† â€Å"Diego†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He'd caught me into passing on this one. We were back to the spot where he'd went along with me. He talked in a hurried murmur. â€Å"Stick to the arrangement, Bree. I'l tel him what I wanted to tel him. It's not near first light, yet that is exactly how it must be. On the off chance that he doesn't accept me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Diego shrugged. â€Å"He has greater things to stress over than me having an overactive creative mind. Possibly he'l be bound to listen now †seems as though we need al the assist we with canning get, and having the option to move around in the day can't hurt.† â€Å"Diego†¦,† I rehashed, not realizing what else to state. He investigated my eyes, and I trusted that his lips will jerk into that simple grin, for him to poke some fun at ninjas or BFFs. He didn't. Rather, he inclined in gradually, never moving his eyes from mine, and kissed me. His smooth lips squeezed against dig for one long second while we gazed at one another. At that point he inclined away and moaned. â€Å"Get home, take cover behind Fred, and act dumbfounded. I'l be directly behind you.† â€Å"Be careful.† I got his hand and crushed it hard, at that point let go. Riley had talked about Diego lovingly. I would need to trust that warmth was genuine. There wasn't another decision. Diego vanished into the trees, peaceful as a stirring breeze. I didn't sit around idly caring for him. I ran through the branches in an immediate line back to the house. I trusted my eyes were stil splendid enough from the previous evening's feast to clarify my nonattendance. Only a snappy chase. Got fortunate †found a solitary climber. Nothing strange. The sound of the crashing music that welcomed my methodology was joined by the obvious sweet, smoky fragrance of a consuming vampire. My frenzy went into overdrive. I could simply kick the bucket inside the house as outside. However, there was no other way. I didn't slow, simply hurried down the steps directly to the corner where I could scarcely make out Freaky Fred standing. Searching for something to do? Tired of sitting? I had no clue what he was doing, and I couldn't have cared less. I would adhere tight to him until Riley and Diego got back. In the floor was a seething stack that was too large to be only a leg or an arm. So much for Riley's twentytwo. Nobody appeared to be horrendously worried about the smoking remains. The sight was excessively normal. As I rushed nearer to Fred, for once the feeling of appall didn't get more grounded. Rather, it blurred. He didn't appear to see me, just continued perusing the book he held. One of those I'd left him a couple of days prior. I had no issue seeing what he was doing since I was near where he was inclining toward the rear of the love seat. I delayed, asking why that was. Might he be able to kill his queasiness thing when he needed? Did that mean we both were unprotected at this moment? In any event Raoul wasn't home yet, grateful y, however Kevin was. Unexpectedly, I genuine y saw what Fred resembled. He was tal, possibly six two, with the thick, wavy light hair I'd saw once previously. He was expansive carried and strong. He looked more established than the greater part of the others †like a col ege understudy, not a secondary school kid. Also, †this was the part that amazed me most for reasons unknown †he was attractive. As attractive as any other person, possibly handsomer than most. I didn't have the foggiest idea why that was so trippy for me. I speculated in light of the fact that I generally connected him with aversion. I felt strange for gazing. I looked rapidly around the space to check whether anybody had seen that Fred was typical †and pretty †for the occasion. Nobody was glancing toward us. I took a quick look at Kevin, prepared to move my concentration without a moment's delay on the off chance that he saw, however his eyes were focused on some point to one side of where we stood. He was scowling marginally. Before I could turn away, his look avoided directly over to me and chose my correct side. His glare developed. Like†¦ he was attempting to see me and proved unable. I felt the edges of my mouth jerk into not exactly a smile. There was an excessive amount to stress over to genuine y make the most of Kevin's visual impairment. I glanced back at Fred, thinking about whether the gross-out factor would return, just to see that he was grinning with me. Grinning, he was genuine y tremendous. At that point the second was finished, and Fred returned to his book. I didn't move for some time, trusting that something will occur. For Diego to get through the entryway. Or then again Riley with Diego. Or then again Raoul. Or then again for the sickness to hit once more, or for Kevin to glare toward me, or for the following battle to break out. Something. When nothing did, I possible y pul ed myself together and did what I ought to have been doing †imagining the same old thing was going on. I got a book from the heap close to Fred's feet and afterward plunked down in that spot and acted like I was perusing. It was presumably one of similar books I'd professed to understand yesterday, yet it didn't look natural. I flipped through the pages, again taking nothing in. My brain was hustling around in close little circles. Where was Diego? How had Riley responded to his story? What had it al implied †the discussion before the shrouds, the discussion after the shrouds? I worked through it, moving in reverse, attempting to amass the pieces into a conspicuous picture. The vampire world had a police, and they were damn frightening. This wild gathering of months-old vampires should be a military, and this military was some way or another il egal. Our maker had a foe. Strike that, two adversaries. We were going to assault one of them in five days, or probably different ones, the unnerving shrouds, were going to assault her †or us, or both. We would be prepared for this attack†¦ when Riley got back. I snuck a look at the entryway, at that point constrained my eyes back to the page before me. And afterward the stuff before the guests. She was agonizing over some choice. She was satisfied that she had such huge numbers of vampires †such a large number of officers. Riley was cheerful that Diego and I had survived†¦. He'd said he thought he'd lost two more to the sun, with the goal that must mean he didn't have the foggiest idea how vampires truly responded to daylight. What she'd said was abnormal, tho

So you want to be a student-athlete

So you want to be a student-athlete Hi everybody, I play ice hockey in the winter and lacrosse in the spring here at MIT and spend a ton of time practicing, cross training and competing in my sports. I want to share my perspective on the pros and cons of playing a sport (or two) here and what type of adjustments being a successful student athlete at MIT requires. Personally, I wouldnt trade my spots on the hockey and lacrosse teams for any other opportunity at MIT. The pros simply outweigh the short list of cons. Yet I have friends who decided not to continue playing their competitive sports after high school or who quit their sports while at MIT because they decided the commitment wasnt worth it. So its a personal choice. Lets take a look at the ups and downs of MIT athletics. Playing hockey and lacrosse keeps me in shape year round. I never have to worry about voluntarily getting to the gym when I dont want to and the freshman 15 was just an abstract concept. If I didnt play sports, I hope I would be in shape but competing interscholastically forces me to stay healthy. Another benefit to competing is the sense of camaraderie and intense leadership training being a member (or being a leader) of a team entails. From aspiring to be voted captain to fulfilling smaller freshman duties, being a part of team builds character and encourages strong relationship building skills. Practice for most sports begins at 5pm and goes for an hour or two until 7pm at the latest. For both my sports, we practice Monday through Friday, and occasionally on Saturdays. We typically dont practice on game days (two games/week in season). Sundays very rarely have commitments. So thats 10-12 hours/week before including travel time or pre/post practice habits (taping up, stretching, bi king, icing, or showering). A lot of time. Combining this schedule with a rather rigorous (understatement much?) academic workload and sprinkling in other social and extra-curricular events becomes a free time cruncher. On the positive side, this constant stream of commitments keeps me focused and disciplined during the semesters. Its worth mentioning that the MIT athletic facilities are amazing. I use the ice rink, the Jack Berry turf field, the Steinbrenner stadium, the athletic training room, the weight/fitness room and various varsity locker rooms. Frequently I have trouble with the laundry system, but other than that Im really pleased with the facilities and management. The big drawbacks of playing a sport at MIT, for me, all relate to a time crunch. This time crunch presents itself in a number of fashions. First, on a day to day basis, athletes have fewer hours to dedicate to psets, studying for exams, and pursuing extracurricular (research, leadership positions on campus, etc) and social (parties, outings to Boston, relaxing with friends) interests. Second, practices (in most cases) are scheduled into the 5p-7p time slot. Most, if not all MIT undergraduate classes play into this schedule well by avoiding scheduling lectures, labs or recitations in these hours. However, if you want to cross-register (at Harvard or Wellesley for example) or if you want to take graduate level classes (most notably any Sloan (course 15) management classes), realize that these classes do not always avoid the 5p-7p time block. There are certain classes that I will not take while here because of this restriction. Bummer. Third, this time crunch also manifests itself on a larger scale Winter sports often compete during IAP (all of January) and spring sports frequently travel or compete during spring break in March. So while I can enroll in IAP classes and participate in research, I cannot leave campus, say, to do an international community service or design project (see D-lab). Its a trade-off. For spring break, I am already committed to a trip to Florida with the lacrosse team. Those are the biggest downsides. MIT has various support systems in place to help student athletes. The sports medicine department has many functions from training and nutritional analysis to injury prevention and treatment. The student athlete advisory committee (SAAC), a student run group, develops and communicates changes in policy and procedure with regards to MIT athletics and athletic facilities. All varsity sports are Division III except for crew (which is D-I). MIT also has over 30 club sport offerings. Lacrosse is D-III, while hockey is a club team. Although this is entirely personal, I love the level of competition. Athletes here care about results, and train hard. But we are not completely oblivious to other uniquely college (or MIT) opportunities as some more intense D-I programs are. I am a brother in a fraternity, I somehow find time to write for this blog, I frequently participate in UROPs and I have a pretty solid social life. So playing a sport at MIT doesnt mean shutting other opportunities out, but it does mean sacrifice. For me, the tradeoff makes sense. Staying healthy and being a member of a team in college is of real importance to me. Is it to you?

Christianity And Buddhism A Nation Of Many Religions Essay

Although some people see America as a Cristian nation, America is a â€Å"nation of many religions.† Nowadays we see every kind of religion on our country. People from all over the world come to the land of freedom to achieve the â€Å"American dream.† For this matter we see a rich diversity of religions and cultures in our everyday life. Moreover, humans need something to believe in to find motive in their life, so they relay themselves on religion. Christianity and Buddhism are two ancient religions which both have being on earth for a long time. Both religions are based on the teachings of one man. Moreover, they have many similarities as well as differences. They both have a place of adoration. For Christians is a church, chapel, cathedral, and may others. For Buddhism is a monastery, nunneries, pagodas, and temples. Both Christianity as Buddhism believe on the adoration of something, which will help them through life. Another similarity, is that they both have rituals and practices. The participation of theses rituals is an act of reaffirming unity to those who share them. Finally, they both believe in live after death. Although they have some similarities, they also have many differences between their beliefs. The main different between Christianity and Buddhism who they worship. Both religions based their teaching of one person. However, on Christianity is based on the miracles and acts of Jesus. Christianity is a derivative of Judaism. Moreover, it is an Abrahamic religion,Show MoreRelatedBuddhism and Christianity: Two Emerging Religions909 Words   |  4 PagesDue to the emergence of universal religions, a new idea known as syncret ism started to emerge. 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The Effect Of Social Media On The Working Environment And...

Abstract: This paper will look over the effect of social media communication in the working environment and survey its utilization as a successful business tools. The paper will investigate the drivers of improvement and obstacle to change and investigate whether the explanations behind a few associations forbidding or limiting social media communication in the working environment is generally established or corporate suicide. The paper looks to investigate the connection between social networking and organizational society and inspects whether social media are fit for revitalizing and reshaping the society and brand of an organization which thus can prompt better methods for working and expanded levels of worker profit and fulfillment.†¦show more content†¦However, both sorts of social networking sites convey huge profits and a few barriers that could upset organizational profit if not adequately supervised. The importance of social media in work place: In the online networking world, individuals make their profiles, and associate themselves with diverse individuals crosswise over distinctive parts of the globe. With the features and interfaces accessible, the clients may communicate, send or get documents, and convey progressively. Masters uncover that social networking may be used in the work environment in different ways To upgrade learning and information sharing (Galagan, 2010; Online networking, 2009). Workers may impart their documents, or make webcast which the new employees may use to guide them in completing their obligations. This likewise saves time for the Human Resources division. Everything another contract needs to learn and be helped to remember may be contained in a webcast which the workers may get to at his or her suitable time when needed. Additionally, social networking devices give more casual learning openings which don t threaten new contracts, yet make them learn in their own particular pace and even in their time. To position a brand in the business (Social media, 2009; Salopek, 2010). A recruitment advertising expert from the Department of State, Rachel Friedland, said that the DOS has been

East Meets West Which is the Better Car Free Essays

The argument has always been like this: Which is the better car? Both the Japanese and American Cars have their respective advantages in design and usability. However, the argument herewith will constantly consider the kind of lifestyle people have, given the global financial crisis. According to an article in the Daily Fuel Economy Tip website, there has been other crisis that triggered the need for more efficient cars. We will write a custom essay sample on East Meets West: Which is the Better Car? or any similar topic only for you Order Now During 1973 and 1979, gas and energy crisis had hit consumers. This, the article suggested, called for alternatives, which is through obtaining foreign cars. With that, this essay shall focus on the reliability, gas consumption, gas mileage and economic impact of these car categories. In the Long Run According to automobile enthusiasts, Japanese cars are more reliable than other cars. Japanese cars don’t just break down in the middle of the highway. It suggests that the Japanese cars make use of sturdier parts. The car would not need major repairs. However, in the case that the car would need any repairs, the spare parts are actually very accessible and affordable. Given the number of units there are on the streets, the amount of parts will not be harder to find. Another article mentioned that Japanese cars are even easier to modify for a better performance. Although in certain regions, it is illegal to enhance a car’s power and speed if it would only be used on the highway. But Japanese cars are already driver friendly that any modifications made on the car are simply to satisfy the need for speed. On the other hand, owning an American car may lead to a difficult search for parts that are less costly, like second hand parts. Brand new parts are going to be expensive and buying one will just be the beginning once other parts start to malfunction as well. It can become too costly in the long run. Cars are not just leisure accessories. They are a primary means of transportation. Japanese cars tend to be more dependable. Gas Consumption According to the sources, Japanese cars are preferred due to its efficiency in consuming gas. With the price hike of almost every product open to mass consumers, gasoline for cars are not different. Gas rates have gone up and down, and the instability has caused consumers to be mindful of their expenses. In the past, people have taken their cars to their offices and back home, or cab rides despite the short distances. Today, they have resorted to taking long walks and trains. However, cutting down expenses are not always the best option. With the need to work harder, there are employees who would have to work farther from their homes. Cars will be a very important tool in their work. Drawing a criterion for the best car will have to be considered, and the amount of gas to be used will have to be on the top of the list. There will be times wherein one would require a car for everyday travelling purposes. But one should be wise in gathering options: speed and power or usability? Meanwhile, there are also hybrid cars by Japanese auto companies. This further cut down the costs while considering the effect of burnt gas on the environment. The car might still be running on gas, but it would not use as much. Hybrid cars make use of alternative gases, which are less costly and less harmful to the environment. Â   How to cite East Meets West: Which is the Better Car?, Papers

The Beginning of a New Age in American Politics free essay sample

George Washington responded by placing militiamen ender the command of Hamilton, resulting in the collapse of the rebellion. The Nullification Crisis Was led by John C. Calhoun in result Of the increased Tariff of 1828, known as the Tariff of Abominations. South Carolina declared these tariffs to be unconstitutional and threatened to leave the union. Calhoun proposed the nullification theory which stated that each state had the right to obey a federal law or to declare it null and void.Andrew Jackson, who favored states rights, did not approve of disunion. In result, Jackson issued a Proclamation to the People of South Carolina stating that lubrication and disunion were treason and he threatened to take military action. The Whiskey Rebellion and the Nullification Crisis were both due to Congress power to tax and impose tariffs. 80th oppositions were controlled and collapsed by military action or threats or military action. The Whiskey Rebellion, unlike the Nullification Crisis however, did not affect the nation government whatsoever. We will write a custom essay sample on The Beginning of a New Age in American Politics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It simply just seized to exist and no changes were made. The Nullification Crisis opened the door for compromise. Jackson suggested that Congress lower the tariff. The Beginning of a New Age in American Politics The election of 1828 sparked a change in American politics. The presidency of Andrew Jackson became known as the Age of the Common Man, the Era of Jackson Democracy. Politics moved out from the hands of the wealthy, southern plantation owners and the northern merchants and into the hands of the common man, frontiersmen.This shift was in result to universal male suffrage, popular campaigning and the way in which the president was nominated and elected. Western states that were recently admitted to the union adopted state constitutions that allowed any white male to vote and hold office. These new constitutions did not have any religious or property qualifications in order to vote. Eastern and Northern states began to alter their constitutions to do the same, creating universal male suffrage.This caused a major increase in the voting for the presidential election. In the past, presidential candidates were nominated by state legislature or congress and did not allow common people to participate. These were replaced by nominating conventions which were held in a large meeting hall. This method encouraged open and popular participation. States also allowed otters to choose its presidential electors allowing a more popular vote. Candidates campaigned to the interest of the common people.Therefore, campaigning consisted of parades and rallies with food and drinks. Candidates would try and make their opponents look bad in order to try and win the presidency. The result of male suffrage, popular campaigning and the way of nominating and electing the president was the election of Andrew Jackson. Jackson was the first, common man to be elected office. These changes to politics allowed the participation of the common men, and therefore resulted in the election of one of their own.

Asian Brown Cloud essays

Asian Brown Cloud essays The report by the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) on the three-kilometre brown cloud hanging over Asia zeroes in on this kind of fuel burning as the source of the cloud that is disrupting monsoons, lowering agricultural output and creating air pollution leading to respiratory diseases. "The big problem here could be cooking at home," says Nobel laureate Paul Crutzen of the Max-Planck Institute for Chemistry in Germany. Crutzen won the Nobel Prize for his work on discovering the ozone hole. It is a problem that will now have to be addressed by governments in South Asia, says Prof V. Ramanathan of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography, one of the leading scientists involved in the study, conducted between 1995 and 1999 at a cost of about $40 million. "The sliver lining to this cloud is that it can be tackled relatively soon if the correct policy decisions are taken," he says. The Supreme Court of India took the lead in introducing compressed Natural gas (CNG) in buses, taxis and auto-rickshaws in the country. But the court had no idea of the magnitude of the cloud hanging overhead which its order could do nothing to remove. The cloud cannot be tackled at the level of handling pollution in New Delhi or some other cities. Ramantahan says: "We are seeing great variation in this cloud not just across Asia but over parts of India as well." The Asian Brown Cloud, as the scientists are calling it, "should not be seen as something static," he said. "It is moving about all the time." Scientists indicate a revolution of lifestyles will be needed across India, Pakistan and China acting together. This will mean common policies against burning of fossil fuels, of agricultural wastes, against emissions from industries and power stations, and above all, against emissions from the millions of inefficient cookers in homes using fuels like wood and cow dung. The brown clouds these fuels have created over Asia have ...

Red Light Prostitution Area of Lahore the Inside Details.

Red Light Prostitution Area of Lahore the Inside Details. AcknowledgementI would like to extend our gratitude to Miss Rabia Munir for the help and support she has provided us. Without her guidelines and supervision this project could not reach completion. Furthermore, I would like to thank my parents for their perpetual encouragement. Lastly, me fellows Osman Bucha, Uzma Bucha, Dr. Iffat Omer, Hamza Mir, Rashid Saleem, Hamid and Daniyal Gulzar Butt for lending us a hand in the Herculean task of interviewing the Naikas and sex workers at Heera Mandi; and also for providing comic relief during trying times. Had it not been for the aforementioned people this research would not have not been possible.AbstractThe narrow alley and intertwined roads behind the majestic Badshahi Mosque in the city of Lahore cradle people that are looked down upon as social outcasts, the inhabitants of Heera Mandi. Though these workers provide services to many, they are stuck in a profession that is not rewarding financially or socially.Tiles2 cocoo's den lahoreFor these people there is no way out as society is not willing to accept them into mainstream. Our research aims to draw comparisons between the past and present of this district also highlighting their lives and what is the stance of our government and society on this issue. We also wish to highlight reasons for the existence of prostitution and recommend solutions how to overcoming it may be possible.HistoryA red-light area is a neighborhood where prostitution and other businesses in the sex industry flourish. The term "red-light district" was first recorded in the United States around 1890, and derives from the practice of placing a red light in the window to indicate to customers the nature of the business. Some say the origin of the red light comes from the red lanterns carried by railway workers, which were left outside brothels...

Facilities Operations and Management Assignment

Facilities Operations and Management - Assignment Example The researcher states that through the exploration of the responsibilities of the facility’s manager, the reader will be presented with a practical understanding to the myriad of responsibilities and the activities that are covered in the management of restaurant chains. Through the exploration of the responsibilities of the manager of the facility, more light will also be shed to the issues, concerns and the practical aspects of the manager, in supporting the business, towards making it profitable and improving its profitability. Through the review of the four main areas identified, the paper will point out the management best practices employed by a facility in the hotel and hospitality industry, aimed at creating a sustainable competitive advantage. The main importance of managing a facility effectively is that it enables it to keep its best employees and to satisfy its customers; the two groups are the most important stakeholders in a business. The first major role of a fa cility’s manager in a hotel is that of acting as the standard bearer for the hotel business. The roles covered under this area of responsibility include communication, promotion, facilitating performance and maintaining the different aspects of the staffs of the facility. This area of responsibility requires the (facility) hotel manager to practice management by objectives, where he/ she employ a performance appraisal system characterized by a variety of traits. The first trait is that of taking the actions and completing the documents that help to evaluate the performance of staffs, with the aim of improving it, reducing the challenges they face and improving their satisfaction within the workplace.

Gender and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gender and Development - Essay Example ever, as 60 million girls disappear each year (many from Asian countries) as a result of sexual crimes, and one third of the population of women around the world experience some form of violence. In addition to this 4 million women and girls are trafficked every year, while approximately one million girls enter the sex trade. Before delving further into the issue of violence against women, it is important that a firm definition of what the subject matter is be established. There is actually no universally accepted definition of violence against women. Some advocates of human rights prefer broad definitions that include poverty and unequal access to education and health to describe acts of violence against women. Some however prefer a more narrow definition so that the actual descriptive power of the term is not lost (Kapoor, 2000). According to Dean Kilpatrick, Director of the Medical University of South Carolina’s National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Centre, the debate as to whether to define violence against women broadly or narrowly is â€Å"old, fierce and unlikely to be resolved in the future† (DeKeseredy, 2011). Likewise, debates about terminologies are also prevalent. Whatever the case maybe, the need for a concrete and specific definition is important so that research, monitoring and policy-making can become more specific as well as applicable cross-culturally (Kapoor, 2000). According to the World Health Organization (2011), the United Nations defines violence against women as â€Å"any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life. The above definition has recognized that violence against women is one of the most fundamental social mechanisms wherein women are forcibly placed on lower positions as compared with men. In addition it has also

Triple Bottom Line (TBL) Concept Analysis

Triple Bottom Line (TBL) Concept Analysis Jin Thai, Chong In this assignment, the notion of Triple Bottom Line (TBL) reporting is being analysed critically. The definition of the term, created by John Elkington, as well as its concept and general principles (social, environment and economic lines) are discussed in this report. Representations of TBL in the Business and Government Organisations sectors are further explored with its five different interpretations: Wait and see, Packaging information for community right to know, stakeholder alignment, endorsing core principles, and holistic cultural perspective. The relationship between sustainable development and TBL is discussed in the report by considering the environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability, with a backing example of the TBL Toolkit and the The Capital Works Sustainability Statement practiced in the city of Melbourne. The application of TBL in sustainable construction and its indicators of social and environmental, and economic performance us ed in the construction sector are also discussed in the report. Lastly, a case study has been done on Enviro-Cottage constructed in Spring Hill, Brisbane. The project has addressed TBL reporting considering the sustainable development and construction aspects. TABLE OF CONTENTS (Jump to) Introduction Principles of Triple Bottom Line Sustainable development Application of  TBL in sustainable construction Case study: Enviro-Cottage   Conclusion   Introduction Triple bottom line (TBL) reporting is becoming more common across many sectors of society. Although the concept was born out of the corporate and business world to report corporate social responsibility conveniently, it has been embraced by many organisations to give social and environmental agendas more prominence in the face of corporatist globalisation (Price, R n.d.). The term Triple Bottom Line was formed by John Elkington in 1997. Based in UK as a consultant to companies like BO, DuPont and the World Bank, John Elkington has been described by Business Week as a dean of the corporate responsibility movement for three decades (John Elkington 2010). Instead of the usual financial bottom line, Elkington define and expanded the baseline for measuring performance using social, environmental and economic bottom lines (Centre for ISA Information Sheet 7 n.d.). Elkington stated on his book, Cannibals with Forks that: The triple bottom line focuses corporations not just on the economic value they add, but also on the environmental and social value they add and destroy. At its narrowest, the term triple bottom line is used as a framework for measuring and reporting corporate performance against economic, social and environmental parameters (Elkington,, J 1998). Generally, Triple bottom line is an integrated management approach that consists of managing, measuring and publicly reporting performance in business and government sectors (Potts, T 2004). TBL also acts as a medium to discuss issues regarding the organisation and the community. According to A Tool For Measuring, Communicating, And Facilitating Change In Local Governments by Tavis Potts, TBL is a correspondence and process for reporting on sustainability and the results allow for communities to engage in an ongoing discussion. For sustainable organisations this means balancing the needs of the organisation against the environmental, economic and social factors, as depicted in Figure 1 to enhance the quality of life. Business Sector In the business sector, the growing tension between increased social values and conventional forms of value creation has forced consideration of sustainability (including TBL reporting). Pressure has been applied on organisations to be more socially and environmentally responsible in their pursuit of profit (Beilin, R Paine, M, Pryor R 2007). As an example, BP Australia reported that a TBL approach to business provides them with a sustainable competitive advantage and it is also in a good business sense to do so. It demonstrates to stakeholders the integrity of a business or industry, thus it improves its reputation, increases investor confidence and enhances marketing and profit opportunities. Governments Sector Similarly to businesses, local governments have adopted the TBL in response to community concern about issues of environmental sustainability. In the governments sector, the field of organisational accountability has broadened. Government organisations must now consider the wider impacts of their practices on other local, regional, national and even global stakeholders (Beilin, R Paine, M, Pryor R 2007). Growing government interest in corporate social and environmental responsibility is expressed in policy at local, State and Federal levels. TBL reporting has changed the appearance of the role of government in regulating private businesses and industries. Further, TBL has come to demonstrate good public relations in government organisations with its integrated focus on social, environmental and economic outcomes of practice. Principles of Triple Bottom Line The three vital aspects of corporate and government performance are based on Triple Bottom Line are the economic, social and environmental lines. TBL is also interpreted in 5 ways in business and governments sectors. The Economic Bottom Line The economic bottom line is the organisations record of economic performance (revenue and profit) and integrity. Even though the companies make profits in the business, profit is treated as the economic benefit for the enjoyment of the employees and community as a whole within a sustainability framework. The Social or People Bottom Line The social bottom line is the organisations record of social or people performance as it affects employees, consumers, and communities. This also refers to fair, ethical, and beneficial business practices toward employees, community, and country in which a corporation performs its business. The Environmental Bottom Line The environmental bottom line is the organisations record of performance as it considers all the issues related with environmental concerns. The goal of 21stà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ century companies is not only to help protect the environment by producing green or environmentally responsible products but also to have their own sustainable, environmentally-sound business operating practices. Organisations are expected to function in an environmentally responsible approach, through initiatives such as taking steps to reduce their own environmental footprint, consuming less energy and little or no non-renewable resources and producing less waste. Five interpretation of TBL Five broad categories capture the current diverse state of TBL performance measurement and reporting in Australia according to Triple Bottom Line Measurement and Reporting In Australia. The five categories are more to show the diverse business rationales and analysis of community expectations for triple bottom line measuring and reporting (Suggett, D, Goodsir, B 2002). Wait and see Wait and see is the category where organisations are satisfied with their present approaches to communication and accountability. Examples of such companies are Fosters and Woolworths. This may due to the fact that a change is not necessary in their business priorities, as well as a sense of potential benefit as it is still early in their business to use the TBL approach without understanding the directions of the business. Packaging information for community right to know By observing the community right to know attitude and supporting the notion of greater responsibility to the community for their business performance, other organisations make an obligation to their stakeholders to be open and transparent. To meet this commitment, they collect and package internal information or report for external audience. This report shows the values they seek to meet, their performance against those standards and a description of their activities. Examples of companies practising this approach of TBL in environmental reporting are Wesfarmers and Orica. As they continue to collect data, report on and verify approaches, those organisations do not see that a change in approach is required to embrace social or economic scopes. Stakeholder Alignment This approach analyses the relationship between stakeholders expectations and corporate strategy. In order for TBL reporting to derive maximum value, it is necessary that the information reported aligns with business strategy and objectives and accurately reflects the focus of the company activity. This serves to strengthen the significance of companies developing indicators in a structured way that reflects their objectives and the requirements of key stakeholder groups. As the stakeholders could be the shareholders, investors, employees, customers, suppliers, the community and government, organisations practicing this approach will be required to set up new management systems and in a long run is intensive on the business resource. One example is the WMC. WMC continues to expand in this direction and a number of other companies have embarked on the first steps, such as Westpac and ANZ. Endorsing Core Principles A few organisations outline their response to stakeholder expectations into values that guide their business activity: sustainability principles. Examples of organisations are Rio Tinto and Shell. This approach is directed at integrating these core principles into management practices. Holistic Cultural Perspective Organisations in private ownership define their business purpose and their commitment to sustainability values and accountability as a whole. Their business success depends on this cultural perspective. The Body Shop is the often-quoted example and the Co-operative Bank in the United Kingdom. Sustainable Development Sustainability is a pattern of resource use that aims to simultaneously meet human needs and preserve the environment so that these needs can be met not only for the present generation, but also for future generations. Sustainable development ties together the concern for the carrying capacity of natural systems with the social challenges (Sustainable construction gives a competitive edge n.d). Conceptually, sustainable development can be broken down into three constituent parts: Environmental sustainability Economic sustainability Social sustainability Sustainable development is often portrayed as the act of balancing economic, ecological and social concerns, and the TBL is commonly used internationally to prove corporate performance on sustainability and its approach to sustainable development in the corporate world. However, in sustainable development, TBL also concentrates on the external structure of development and excludes the internal structure of development. In other words, TBL also focuses on technological, economic and institutional development while excluding cultural and personal development (Riedy, C 2003). As an example, the City of Melbourne is using TBL approach to accomplish the goal of sustainable development. The city has developed a TBL Toolkit which includes checklists, guidelines, templates and case studies for the application of TBL decision-making and reporting (Triple-Bottom-Line Evaluation Approach Shows Promise for Local Government 2004). Part of this tool is the The Capital Works Sustainability Statement and it is a rating system that recognizes the degree to which a project contributes to the Councils sustainability objectives. The Capital Works tool is being applied to different ways, such as the bidding of capital works, budget approval process, and evaluating criteria against of capital works. Through this TBL approach, councils are able to demonstrate responsibility and transparency in decision making and administration. Moreover, TBL approach in the public sector including local government has helped to develop global standards and procedures in reporting decisions at all levels (Triple-Bottom-Line Evaluation Approach Shows Promise for Local Government 2004). Application of  TBL in Sustainable Construction Construction activities worldwide consume 40 per cent of all raw material exploited globally (Sustainable construction gives a competitive edge n.d.). For this reason, the use of sustainable building materials can help improve the global environment significantly. The public demand for sustainable solutions is growing, and in the years to come, contractors who are able to document sustainable methods will have a strong presence in the market. In order to make construction sustainable, one has to practise TBL in order to consider the environmental impacts of extraction, transportation, processing, fabrication, installation, reuse, recycling, and disposal of these materials. It is easy to understand why TBL has received acceptance in sustainable construction. Indicators of social and environmental performance are used to diversify work and practices of construction sector. TBL allows organisations to assess quantitatively and qualitatively how they are achieving their key performance indicators (Triple Bottom Line: A Ticket to the Game Or The Emperors New Clothes? 2005). TBL has been applied to the construction sector in the UK where the phrase Sustainable Construction has been coined. The UK Government is seeking to apply sustainable development practices to the construction industry. Leading construction companies in the UK, USA and Europe now report annually on social and environmental performance as well as financial performance. Jim Lammie, director of Parsons Brinckerhoff in a speech on sustainability of 8 September 2004 said that over 77% of construction companies in the UK had a sustainable development policy to deal with regulation, competitive edge, client policy, enhanced reputation, legal risks and future investments as well as addressing ethical obligations. Lessons from the construction industry overseas have a place for Australian construction companies who want to outperform their counter-parts in a society becoming increasingly aware of such issues. Implementing daily practices to elicit performance under TBL can be as simple as adop ting recycling programs, giving to the workforce through university sponsorship programs and adopting best practice voluntary standards. When a full assessment of practices are made construction players may find that they are already carrying out sustainable practices but are not reaping the reward through reporting their practices to stakeholders. Truly sustainable construction practices may mean assessing projects and work practices with TBL in mind (Triple Bottom Line: A Ticket to The Game Or The Emperors New Clothes? 2005). The triple bottom line concept of sustainable construction could be achieved through the application of sustainable design principles at early stages of planning and construction. By making these decisions earlier, it creates a building which is safer, secure, flexible, comfortable, environmentally-friendly and cost-efficient in the long-run. A sustainable construction project should be designed and constructed to take account of the principles of sustainable design which is to balance the social, environmental and economic aspects (Sustainable Homes Triple bottom line 2008). The triple bottom line approach to sustainable construction is a balanced integration of design factors that consists of social, environmental and economic sustainability. Social Sustainable buildings are designed for the people considering access, safety, security; it is a design that considers the clients future needs throughout various stages of lives, such as young families, older residents or residents with varying disabilities. Sustainably constructed buildings are safe, easily adaptable to suit a diverse range of needs and comfortable for people with varying abilities at different stages of their lives. This is especially relevant considering the elderly amongst our ageing population (Sustainable Homes Triple bottom line 2008). Socially sustainable construction can also strengthen social networks and allow people of every age and ability to participate in their community throughout their life. An aesthetically pleasing and stimulating built environment will reinforce the sense of well being of residents and people in the local community of the building. Under the social aspect of TBL reporting, the local society and streetscape should also be considere d in order to ensure considerate development, enhancement of the streetscape and the community function (Triple bottom line in housing n.d.). Environmental Sustainable construction are resource-efficient by incorporating sustainable and efficient management of water, energy and waste with other features such as passive solar design by considering the orientation, ventilation, insulation, shading and building materials (Sustainable Homes Triple bottom line 2008). Resource efficiency is also related to water efficiency in the building, waste management of materials used during construction, and energy efficiency by practising good passive design and high star-rated green technology appliances and lights. It is also associated with the reduced usage of greenhouse gas emissions from energy consumption. Local market for materials should be considered as well (Triple bottom line in housing n.d.). Besides that, resource efficiency also means lifestyle benefits for residents of the buildings as the thermal comfort is improved (social sustainability) and affordable running costs for the home (economic sustainability). Economic Economic sustainability of TBL reporting means designs and construction which are more cost-efficient in a long-run, considering the selection of low maintenance materials. Extra expense during construction should be provided for longer term operating cost savings as it is important to obtain the choices of design and material right the first time as it eliminates the need to make additional costly changes to the construction later. Besides that, installation of solar panels or water tanks will also increase the value of the property (Triple bottom line in housing n.d.). During the selection of building material, suppliers should consider the materials from local market. It is to optimise costs through reduced transportation expenses to the site (Sustainable Homes Triple bottom line 2008). Sustainable construction could become cost-efficiently over time by improving the design and construction features and the use of low-maintenance materials. Usage of appliances with high energy-star ratings that reduce the ongoing costs of running the home should be encouraged. By practicing sustainable construction, energy and water bills are lowered and potential future modification costs are greatly reduced, thus making the home more adaptable and flexible over its life cycle. Case study: Enviro-Cottage Enviro-Cottage is constructed in Spring Hill, Brisbane. It was built as a workers cottage in the late 1800s. During 2008, the houses were transformed from a traditional Brisbane cottage into a sustainable development for inner-city living. Enviro-Cottage as shown in Figure 2 is not a new, purpose-built house unlike other display homes. It is a renovation project that highlights the simple, technological and the necessary construction methods to help make a home more efficient by using less electricity, water and other resources, while improving how people live in the available space. Some of the ideas are very simple and easy to apply in any home renovation or construction projects to reduce its environmental footprint. Examples of sustainable construction methods used are passive design, thermal mass and solar orientation (Enviro-Cottage n.d.). Other revolutionary sustainable ideas are the installation of solar cell technology, water tank and grey water systems, glass technology, kitchen and laundry appliances, taps and showers, insulation, flooring, paints and other finishes, heating and cooling systems, and energy efficient lighting. The Spring Hill Enviro-Cottage Project has addressed the TBL reporting (Triple bottom line in housing n.d). Examples of the Enviro-Cottage TBL report considerations included in the sustainable development and construction according to Our Brisbane are: Social sustainability Enviro-Cottage is constructed to be multi-purpose. Its multi-use design is suitable for people from different background, such as families, users with disabilities, and elderly people. The cottage is constructed using the local Tuff stone to tie to Spring Hills heritage and preservation of the heritage streetscape Open front aspect to connect with local street life Open design to aid easy internal and external surveillance High security features to all doors and windows with simple and consistent locking systems The set back garage is designed and constructed to de-emphasise the role of the car Addition of two off-street parking options takes two cars off the crowded local street Preservation of the heritage streetscape Environmental sustainability The constructed building maximize the use of passive solar design features, such as implementing natural energy flows, and minimising the scale of overlaid systems lighting, cooling etc. There is no air conditioning or other mechanical heating or cooling systems required in the design. Rainwater is being capture, used, recycled and re-used as much as possible, inclusion of grey water processing system. Generation of required energy needs through onsite photovoltaic system and where possible provision of clean renewable energy back to the community. During construction, environmentally preferred materials are used (Eg. no use of rainforest or old growth forest products). Existing 1800s building are renovated to reduce consumption of new materials Materials with a lifespan equivalent to the projected life of the building are used during construction. Local products and materials are sourced where possible, thus minimising energy used to transport materials. Economic sustainability Enviro-Cottage practises passive solar design and the environmental- friendly products will take future operating costs down to a minimum. Modular design, flexible usage model, and choice of long lifespan materials selected to build the house will minimise any necessities for future renovations, thus decreasing ongoing construction costs. The Enviro-Cottage project has demonstrated sustainable development through TBL reporting and the project signified sustainable living ideas, solution and options which can be part of most constructions even when it is challenged with the many constraints facing such renovations such as council building codes, existing dwelling condition and design, and smaller block sizes. Conclusion In conclusion, the TBL concept demonstrates responsibility to stakeholders in terms of economic, social and environmental impact. The idea behind TBL reporting is sustainable success which will benefit the organisations. Benefits include better reputation and increased confidence, benchmarked performance, increased operational efficiency, stakeholder satisfaction, as well as improved risk management of the business. TBL reports may have different representations in the business and government sectors, and each of the sectors has different interpretation of TBL. TBL reporting is one way organisations can add value to their daily practices of their business. In terms of sustainable development and construction, TBL is the union of the three constituent parts social, environment, and economic. TBL is commonly used to prove corporate performance on sustainability as it covers accountability in an economic, social and environmental sense.

Levi Jeans

1. ) In the year 1873, when Levi Strauss first invested jeans, its target market was comprised merely of individuals who needed to wear durable, extra strong pants when seeking gold. The target market and the marketing techniques changed in many ways over the existence of the brand. Instead of people wanting just wanting a comfortable jean when working they began to want something stylish and that celebrated the history of the product. For today’s market for jeans I would target the male and female demographic from ages 16-24.It said in the case that males and females from ages 20-30 could not recognize the GWG brand and i believe that a new jean with flare and teenage appeal can do very well in the market. For this market segment I would focus my effort on making my jeans Fashion forward, proper fit, cool and the image of the brand. I chose this target market because the clothing market itself is being dominated by these young individuals looking for the next â€Å"hip† trend.I believe that these teens have the ability to make their parents buy these products because they may become popular with the acquisition of the coolest jeans. By appealing to the market as a new hip jean you can price jeans for a higher price than the original jeans. I believe that the older demographic 40+ may already be loyal to a particular brand of jeans but the young adult demographic has not been tapped and the ability for growth is massive. 2) I believe for this target market the largest competition is higher class brands mentioned in the case such as Guess and Calvin Klein.These brands appeal to the younger demographic and are known as the popular and premium brand of jean. These are the closest competitor because young adults see movie stars on TV wearing these popular jeans and believe that is they buy these jeans they can emulate there favorite athletes or actors. By gaining access and being known as a stylish and premium brand of jean the new line will appeal to the target market of 16-24. 3. ) The GWG brand has a limited target market and does not represent a very big market share of the industry.The GWG brand has a fairly simple and traditional value proposition; this benefits the brand because the GWG jeans are remembered as an iconic symbol of the quintessential everyman’s working jeans and as a  pioneer in the jeans  industry. The favourable points of the  GWG brand are specific qualities that are valued by consumers. The brand enjoys a long-standing reputation as one of the very first to enter the industry. These are customers that are loyal to the brand and can rely n the quality and comfort of the jeans, GWG is valued by the comfort, durability and the fact that customers can rely on brand. These points of parity have come about because GWG is known as the working men’s jean with the older demographic (40+) can always rely on GWG as producing a quality pair of jeans that they can go back to. As one 44 year old m ale said â€Å"GWGs are rough, rugged and a good fit. They’re are not fashionable, but can take more washings and last longer before tearing apart at the seams. . This quote epitomizes what a GWG jean represents and this is the reason they still have favourable points of value. I think comparing them to a company such as Carharrt can benefit the brand. Both brands are known for being clothing that is used by the working man. I think that the resonating focus of GWG is that it is a brand that was around for both world wars and is a product that can be recognized for its comfort and its ability to appeal to the working man. 4. I believe that the most appropriate distribution channel for the new type of jeans is to market it through boutiques in malls and other popular retail chains. If the young adult demographic can recognize these jeans while in the retailers this will draw the individuals to the product. I think with the resonating focus of being a reliable brand, parents w ill recognize the brand of Levi and will support the kids more if they decided to buy a product this new product because they have notion that this pair of jeans aren’t just stylish but also can be reliable and long lasting.

Ben Franklin and Booker T. Washington

Benjamin Franklin and Booker T. Washington were both American personalities that assumed great importance in the history of the United States. Franklin was born in 1706, in Boston, to an English father and an American mother. Washington, on the other hand, having a family history of slaves, did not know his origins or anything about his ancestries. As the author himself says in his autobiography, â€Å"My life had its beginning in the midst of the most miserable, desolate, and discouraging surroundings. (Washington, p. 15). He only knew his mother, a brother and a sister and he did not even know the time or the place of his birth. In spite of some significant differences in their early lives and, after, along their trajectories, Benjamin Franklin and Booker T. Washington’s autobiographies reveal that similarities between them are prevalent. Even separated by a gap of a hundred and fifty years between their birth dates, they shared same thoughts, same principles and resembling aims. Since they have so much in common, it is valid to say that Washington’s â€Å"Up From Slavery† can be considered a black version of Franklin’s autobiography. Born in a family of slaves, Booker T. Washington was a typical African-American of the 19th century, used to be a working-man. After the Civil War, which had as its main consequence the emancipation of the slaves, Booker worked as a salt-miner and as a coal-miner, before he becomes a houseboy, working as a servant for the wife of the owner of the mines. After that, he applied to Hampton Agricultural Institute and had to split his time between working and studying. Benjamin Franklin was an important personality of American History, a versatile man who was an intellectual, a scientist, an inventor, a diplomat, a politician and best known for being among the political leaders who took part in the American Revolution, by signing the United States Declaration of Independence, as one of the â€Å"Founding Fathers†. Born to a middle-class family, Franklin went to a grammar school but, for financial reasons, he had to be transferred to another one to study writing and arithmetic. Yet, just like Booker, he was also a working-man during his boyhood. He left school to work as a chandler, making and selling candles with his father, who, later, noticed Franklin’s interest in books, so he was sent to work with his uncle as a printer. Perhaps because of the previous tough time they had in life, each one his particular ways and in specific situations, both of them put all of their efforts on an attempt of eaching better ways of living, and they succeeded. That is why they are considered examples of what is called the â€Å"self-made man†, the man who makes himself by what he does and command his own destiny; people who rise from poverty and bad living conditions and who are able to achieve success and recognition on their own merit. Since he was not enrolled at school, Benjamin Franklin pro vided himself a self-education, based on the Socratic method, which he ended up abandoning later on. He also was trying to improve his English. Also trying to fight for a chance of acquiring some knowledge, Booker had to cheat on his boss to be on time for school, face his classmates who were more well off than himself and invent a last name, considering it was a request of the school and, as an ex-slave, he did not have one. When he went to Hampton Institute, he was refused shelter for being black and he could not count on anybody, so he had to sleep on the streets and work for meals. He could not even afford his books and clothes, but he did not give in and he did not give up on his studies. Further on, he would say â€Å"Nothing ever comes to one, that is worth having, except as a result of hard work† (Washington, p. 135). Both Franklin and Washington believed that education and a good job would guide people to self-respect and an economic independence. Moreover, their entrepreneurial spirit was a common outstanding aspect of their personalities. Under his direction, Booker inaugurated the Tuskegee Institute, a school for black people which was focused on industrial training, praising the virtues of thrift and patience, mainly: â€Å"[†¦] by patience and hard work, we brought order out of chaos, just as will be true of any problem if we stick to it with patience and wisdom and earnest effort† (Washington, p. 60). Earlier, in 1729, Franklin had begun a newspaper called The Pennsylvania Gazette. â€Å"Lose no time; be always employ’d in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions† (Franklin, p. 4), this is what leads people to success; industry is the way to get there. Booker T. Washington was a humble man, but he knew how to balance his modesty with a touch of ambition. However, he attributes his success to his belief in many of the virtues that were also praised by Benjamin Franklin, as selflessness, industry, pragmatism and optimism. Franklin based the course of his entire life on a list of th irteen virtues he thought were a must in the process of arriving at moral perfection. There are some of them that can summarize everything he used to preach along his life, which would be: order – â€Å"Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time†; resolution – â€Å"Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve†; frugality – â€Å"Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; i. e. , waste nothing†; sincerity – â€Å"Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly† (Franklin, p. 94); and, of course, industry. Franklin was raised by a Presbyterian family, but he turned out to become a Deist. Thus, he thought he would succeed in the pursuit of his moral improvement as an individual – by following some virtues and putting their concept into practice – not as a member of any church. Nevertheless, he believed in the existence of a deity, a God that has to do with the creation and maintenance of the world, but has nothing to do with one’s life. To this God, he thanks for the blessings that were given to him through his way to a successful life. â€Å"And now I speak of thanking God, I desired with all humility to acknowledge that I owe the mentioned happiness of my past life to His kind providence, which lead me to the means I used and gave them success† (Franklin, p. 7). Likewise, Booker also expresses his gratitude to God for the same kind of support, but, in opposition to Franklin, he was thankful to a Christian divinity and faithful to the doctrine of his church. Due to their ideal conduct, Benjamin Franklin and Booker T. Washington were considered examples of good citizens. Franklin wrote his life story as an intent of immortalize himself through his behavior, also immortalizing his actions by featuring all his great deeds. This way he could motivate and encourage people to do the same: â€Å"†¦and having gone so far through life with a considerable share of felicity, the conducing means I made use of, [†¦], my posterity may like to know, as they may find some of them suitable to their own situations, and therefore fit to be imitated. (Franklin, p. 6). And so did Washington in â€Å"Up From Slavery†, through which he intended to serve as a model for others to follow but, differently from Franklin, he didn’t have the self-promotion as one of his purposes. Booker expected his readers to feel instigated and stimulated to keep going on with his good manners and become followers of his moral principles. Besides the will of telling people their lives, the attempt of helping others to pursue their own self-making was among their objectives. In conclusion, both the autobiographies narrate two lives that, despite of the time, were founded on similar values that were regarded as tools to achieve a better future life. These two works aim to inspire people to do things that could lead them to social ascension. Besides, their authors used a literary style and a structure very much alike – enlightening some virtues and speaking with a sense of humor, employing direct prose and punctuating the narrative with lively illustrative anecdotes. The main difference between them is that Booker T. Washington was involved with black people issues, since he was born a slave and had been always dealing with the Negroes turbulent and troubled reality as a â€Å"tough-minded analyst of power who had to balance the demands of blacks with the constraints imposed on him by whites† (http://ukcatalogue. oup. com), whereas Benjamin Franklin acted in the white majority scene, with no need to be worried about any racial question as a priority.

How Has Bowlby’s Original Formulation of Attachment Theory...

Bowlby’s (1946) original formulation of attachment theory drew upon both psychoanalytic and ethological theory and generated a significant amount of subsequent research. The core principle behind Bowlby’s theory was that the formation of a stable, healthy attachment with a caregiver in the early years of life is the key for an infants’ future emotional, social and cognitive development. Bowlby explained that this primary attachment relationship develops because infants need a mechanism to ensure survival. Attachment is therefore an adaptive behaviour which ensures the infant receives food, security and a safe base from which to explore the world. Several innate behaviours have evolved in order to elicit caregiving such as crying and†¦show more content†¦When children have an IWM of themselves as valued and understood coupled with an IWM of significant others being responsive and predictable, they will have an increased sense of security and a more optimi stic opinion of social relationships accompanied by higher levels of self-esteem and self-confidence. These qualities characterise children who are securely attached. The level of security in the first attachment relationship is thought to be the most influential component in the formation of children’s internal working models (IWM) of relationships, helping to shape future interpersonal bonds. The ‘Strange Situation’ technique (Ainsworth (1978) provides a standardised means of assessing the strength or quality of the kind of attachment relationships described by Bowlby. The Strange Situation consists of eight episodes. A mother and an infant of about 12 months of age are introduced to a playroom within a laboratory, where they are later joined by an unfamiliar woman. While the stranger plays with the infant, the mother leaves briefly and then returns. A second separation ensures during which the infant is completely alone. Finally, the stranger and then the moth er return. The key events are the parent’s departure and return, and the infant’s behaviour in response which led to Ainsworth identifying three attachment types:- Type